{"id":302,"date":"2025-01-27T11:05:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T10:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/?p=302"},"modified":"2025-01-27T11:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T10:05:27","slug":"disartria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/disartria\/","title":{"rendered":"DISARTRIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las disartrias son un trastorno neurol\u00f3gico que afecta a la producci\u00f3n del habla a causa de alteraciones en la ejecuci\u00f3n de los movimientos al presentar dificultades en el control respiratorio, fonatorio, articulatorio y pros\u00f3dico del habla, as\u00ed como a la resonancia. Esto puede deberse a la presencia de anomal\u00edas en el Sistema Nervioso Central o Perif\u00e9rico&nbsp; (American Psychiatric Association, 2014, y Gonz\u00e1lez y Bevilacqua, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunos tipos de disartrias son:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Disartria esp\u00e1stica<\/strong>: se caracteriza por par\u00e1lisis esp\u00e1stica, debilidad, rangos limitados en los movimientos, lentitud. Por lo que estamos ante una voz forzada, \u00e1spera, lenta, hipernasalidad y distorsi\u00f3n conson\u00e1ntica.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disartria fl\u00e1cida<\/strong>: muestra una par\u00e1lisis fl\u00e1cida, debilidad e hipoton\u00eda, as\u00ed como atrofia muscular. La voz es soplada, hipernasal y con distorsi\u00f3n conson\u00e1ntica<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disartria at\u00e1xica<\/strong>: caracterizada por hipoton\u00eda y lentitud, as\u00ed como rango, direcci\u00f3n y tiempo alterados en los movimientos. Presenta quiebres articulatorios\u00a0 irregulares, distorsi\u00f3n conson\u00e1ntica y acentuaci\u00f3n excesiva en cada s\u00edlaba.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disartria hipocin\u00e9tica<\/strong>: presenta hipocinesia, rigidez y bradicinesia, adem\u00e1s de temblores en reposo. Por lo tanto, es un habla mon\u00f3tona en tono e intensidad con hipofon\u00eda y falta de acentuaci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disartria hipercin\u00e9tica<\/strong>: se clasifican seg\u00fan la velocidad de los movimientos involuntarios:\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disartria hipercin\u00e9tica predominantemente r\u00e1pida: distorsi\u00f3n conson\u00e1ntica, velocidad irregular, mon\u00f3tona, voz \u00e1spera e hipernasalidad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disartria hipercin\u00e9tica predominantemente lenta: movimientos lentos e involuntarios, adem\u00e1s de hiperton\u00eda, distorsi\u00f3n conson\u00e1ntica, voz \u00e1spera y monoton\u00eda tanto en el tono como en la intensidad.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disartria mixta<\/strong>: cuando tienen lugar dos o m\u00e1s disartrias comentadas anteriormente de manera simult\u00e1nea.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respecto a su tratamiento, se establece como objetivos mejorar las habilidades comunicativas, en la medida de lo posible, y, por consiguiente, mejorar su calidad de vida y adaptaci\u00f3n tanto psicosocial como familiar (\u00cdbidem). Asimismo, se orienta y proporciona ayuda a las familias para facilitar la comunicaci\u00f3n con el paciente.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para ello se requiere de un logopeda, cuya intervenci\u00f3n se enfoque en (\u00cdbidem):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rehabilitaci\u00f3n del habla, mejorando la prosodia, ritmo, fluidez del habla, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ejercicios orofaciales, mejorando el control y tonicidad muscular de aquellos m\u00fasculos implicados en el habla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adaptaciones comunicativas, si requiriese de Sistemas Aumentativos y Alternativos de Comunicaci\u00f3n (SAAC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A continuaci\u00f3n, se adjunta un enlace donde poder observar algunos tipos de ejercicios incluidos en la intervenci\u00f3n logop\u00e9dica:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hermanas hospitalarias. (s.f.). Gu\u00eda para el manejo de la disartria. Pautas para personas con problemas en el habla.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--daocerebral-2db.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/gu%C3%8Da-para-el-manejo-de-la-disartria.pdf\">https:\/\/xn--daocerebral-2db.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/gu%C3%8Da-para-el-manejo-de-la-disartria.pdf<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gonz\u00e1lez, R. A., y Bevilacqua, J. A. (2012). Las disartrias. <em>Revista Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universidad de Chile, 23<\/em>, 299-309. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/340260611_Las_disartrias\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/340260611_Las_disartrias<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las disartrias son un trastorno neurol\u00f3gico que afecta a la producci\u00f3n del habla a causa de alteraciones en la ejecuci\u00f3n de los movimientos al presentar &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[84,17,26,49,18,21],"class_list":["post-302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informacion","tag-disartria","tag-discapacidad","tag-inclusion-social","tag-logopedia","tag-necesidadeseducativasespeciales","tag-nee"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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