{"id":299,"date":"2024-10-23T11:14:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/?p=299"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:14:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:14:54","slug":"disfagia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/disfagia\/","title":{"rendered":"DISFAGIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se trata de aquella dificultad en la degluci\u00f3n de alimentos, as\u00ed como de l\u00edquidos e, incluso, saliva. Aunque se observa, principalmente, en personas mayores, puede afectar a cualquier persona independientemente de la edad (Alcalde Mu\u00f1oz y Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez, 2020, y Jim\u00e9nez Rojas et al., s.f.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Encontramos dos tipos principales, aunque, dentro de estas encontramos subcategor\u00edas (\u00cdbidem):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disfagia orofar\u00edngea: la dificultad se encuentra al poner en marcha el proceso de degluci\u00f3n, estando vinculado a problemas en la cavidad bucal o en la garganta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disfagia esof\u00e1gica: dificultad en el paso de los alimentos desde el es\u00f3fago hasta el est\u00f3mago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respecto a sus s\u00edntomas, tenemos (\u00cdbidem):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sensaci\u00f3n de comida atascada en la garganta o en el pecho.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dolor en el momento de tragar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tos o atragantamiento mientras come o bebe.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regurgitaci\u00f3n de estos.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e9rdida de peso e, incluso, desnutrici\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respecto a sus causas (\u00cdbidem):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La disfagia orofar\u00edngea se vincula a anomal\u00edas en los m\u00fasculos o nervios de la boca y del est\u00f3mago, cuyas causas m\u00e1s frecuentes son:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trastornos neurol\u00f3gicos, como un accidente cerebrovascular (ictus), enfermedad de Parkinson, esclerosis m\u00faltiple, esclerosis lateral amiotr\u00f3fica (ELA).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lesiones medulares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miastenia gravis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infecciones o tumores en la boca o en la garganta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La disfagia esof\u00e1gica se debe a:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Estenosis esof\u00e1gica, siendo el estrechamiento del es\u00f3fago causado por cicatrices o por una inflamaci\u00f3n. Nos encontramos: reflujo gastroesof\u00e1gico cr\u00f3nico (ERGE), c\u00e1ncer de es\u00f3fago y acalasia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Espasmos esof\u00e1gicos, trat\u00e1ndose de contracciones anormales o descoordinadas de los m\u00fasculos del es\u00f3fago.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Divert\u00edculos esof\u00e1gicos, peque\u00f1os sacos que pueden aparecer en las paredes del es\u00f3fago, atrapando los alimentos y dificultando su paso.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trastornos autoinmunes, como la esclerodermia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con relaci\u00f3n a sus tratamientos, estos dependen de cada caso, seg\u00fan causa y gravedad. Los m\u00e1s comunes son (\u00cdbidem):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En la disfagia orofar\u00edngea:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Terapia de degluci\u00f3n, el terap\u00e9uta, ya sea un fonoaudi\u00f3logo o logopeda, intervendr\u00e1 en el fortalecimiento de los m\u00fasculos, as\u00ed como en la ense\u00f1anza de t\u00e9cnicas para tragar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cambios en la dieta, tanto en la textura, en el uso de espesantes como en la introducci\u00f3n de alimentos m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de tragar.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sondas de alimentaci\u00f3n, en los casos m\u00e1s severos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tratamiento en la ra\u00edz del problema, si se debe a enfermedades neurol\u00f3gicas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En la disfagia esof\u00e1gica:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dilataci\u00f3n esof\u00e1gica, si se debe a un estrechamiento.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medicamentos, como inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP), para evitar el reflujo gastroesof\u00e1gico; bloqueadores de calcio o nitratos, como relajante muscular, y corticoides, para los casos de inflamaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cirug\u00eda, como la miotom\u00eda de Heller, cortando los m\u00fasculos del esf\u00ednter esof\u00e1gico; funduplicatura de Nissen, y la resecci\u00f3n de tumores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botox, utilizado para la relajaci\u00f3n muscular.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stents esof\u00e1gicos, en los casos de c\u00e1ncer esof\u00e1gico o estenosis severa, funcionando como apertura en el paso de alimentos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Otros tratamientos:\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Masticar m\u00e1s despacio y coger menos comida en cada bocado.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No irse a dormir despu\u00e9s de comer, ya que aumenta el reflujo.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elevar la posici\u00f3n de la cabeza al dormir.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hidratarse correctamente.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alcalde Mu\u00f1oz, S., y Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez, R. (2020). <em>Gu\u00eda de disfagia. Manejo de la disfagia en AP.<\/em> BrysemFARMA, S.L. <a href=\"https:\/\/semergen.es\/files\/docs\/grupos\/digestivo\/manejo-disfagia-ap.pdf\">https:\/\/semergen.es\/files\/docs\/grupos\/digestivo\/manejo-disfagia-ap.pdf<\/a>Jim\u00e9nez Rojas, C.; Corregidor S\u00e1nchez, A. I., y Guti\u00e9rrez Bez\u00f3n, C. (s.f.). Cap\u00edtulo 53. Disfagia. Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Geriatr\u00eda y Gerontolog\u00eda (SEGG) (Ed.), <em>Tratado de geriatr\u00eda para residentes<\/em> (pp. 545-553). International Marketing &amp; Communication, S.A.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Se trata de aquella dificultad en la degluci\u00f3n de alimentos, as\u00ed como de l\u00edquidos e, incluso, saliva. Aunque se observa, principalmente, en personas mayores, puede &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[51,50,81,83,49,82],"class_list":["post-299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informacion","tag-alimentacion","tag-deglucion","tag-disfagia","tag-esofagica","tag-logopedia","tag-orofaringea"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DISFAGIA - EL RINC\u00d3N DE AMPNEE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/disfagia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DISFAGIA - EL RINC\u00d3N DE AMPNEE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Se trata de aquella dificultad en la degluci\u00f3n de alimentos, as\u00ed como de l\u00edquidos e, incluso, saliva. 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