{"id":257,"date":"2023-12-04T10:19:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/?p=257"},"modified":"2023-12-04T10:19:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:19:09","slug":"espina-bifida-21-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/espina-bifida-21-11\/","title":{"rendered":"ESPINA B\u00cdFIDA (21\/11)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La espina b\u00edfida se trata de un defecto cong\u00e9nito en el tubo neural provocado por un cierre incompleto de la columna vertebral (Federaci\u00f3n de Ense\u00f1anza de CC.OO. de Andaluc\u00eda, 2010, y G\u00f3mez Montes et al., 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sus tipos var\u00edan seg\u00fan la gravedad y presentaci\u00f3n (Federaci\u00f3n de Ense\u00f1anza de CC.OO. de Andaluc\u00eda, 2010, y G\u00f3mez Monteset al., 2012):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Espina b\u00edfida oculta (no es grave):&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>El cierre defectuoso no es visible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No presenta s\u00edntomas, o son muy leves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Normalmente, se descubre mediante ex\u00e1menes cl\u00ednicos. A veces, se observan alteraciones cut\u00e1neas sobre la v\u00e9rtebra abierta.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>Meningocele (es grave):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presenta un quiste en la zona relleno de l\u00edquido cefalorraqu\u00eddeo.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La m\u00e9dula espinal se encuentra en su sitio, sin verse afectada.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Mielomeningocele (es la m\u00e1s grave):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Al igual que en la anterior se observa un saco o quiste, donde se encuentran tanto las meninges como la m\u00e9dula espinal.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puede causar da\u00f1os importantes en la m\u00e9dula espinal, afectando a las funciones nerviosas inferiores a esta zona.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respecto a sus s\u00edntomas, var\u00edan seg\u00fan el tipo y la gravedad de la condici\u00f3n, adem\u00e1s de que cada caso es diferente a los dem\u00e1s. Los m\u00e1s comunes son (Federaci\u00f3n de Ense\u00f1anza de CC.OO. de Andaluc\u00eda, 2010, y G\u00f3mez Monteset al., 2012):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. Espina B\u00edfida Oculta:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Puede no presentar s\u00edntoma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2. Meningocele:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No presenta s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos significativos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3. Mielomeningocele:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dificultades a nivel motor y sensorial por debajo del \u00e1rea afectada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problemas de control de esf\u00ednteres.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posibles deformaciones en las extremidades, como pies zambo o caderas desplazadas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hidrocefalia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problemas de coordinaci\u00f3n y para caminar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si se comienza con el tratamiento de manera temprana es posible minimizar la gravedad de algunos s\u00edntomas, mejorando su calidad de vida. Para ello, la intervenci\u00f3n debe de ser individualizada, pudiendo requerir atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica multidisciplinaria. Entre sus tratamientos encontramos (Mayo Clinic, 2022):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cirug\u00eda: necesaria para el cierre de la abertura en la columna vertebral, protegiendo la m\u00e9dula espinal. Se puede hacer de manera prenatal como posnatal, pocos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s del nacimiento.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manejo de hidrocefalia: se realiza a trav\u00e9s de una derivaci\u00f3n ventriculoperitoneal drenando el exceso de l\u00edquido y aliviar la presi\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Terapia f\u00edsica y ocupacional: mejorando su desarrollo motor y funcional.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tratamiento de problemas urol\u00f3gicos y gastrointestinales, para el control de esf\u00ednteres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ortesis y Dispositivos de Asistencia, para corregir problemas musculares mejorando la movilidad.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por otro lado, para su prevenci\u00f3n se recomienda el consumo de \u00e1cido f\u00f3lico tanto antes como durante el embarazo, ya que reduce la posibilidad de malformaciones en el tubo neural.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Federaci\u00f3n de Ense\u00f1anza de CC.OO. de Andaluc\u00eda. (2010). Espina b\u00edfida. Definici\u00f3n, Tipos, Deficiencias asociadas y Aspectos diferenciales en el desarrollo.<em> Temas para la Educaci\u00f3n, 8<\/em>, 1-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f3mez Montes, J.M.; Royo Garc\u00eda, P., y Serrano Garc\u00eda, C. (2012). La atenci\u00f3n educativa a los alumnos con discapacidad motora. En&nbsp; J.M. G\u00f3mez Montes, P. Royo Garc\u00eda y C. Serrano Garc\u00eda, <em>Fundamentos psicopedag\u00f3gicos de la atenci\u00f3n a la diversidad<\/em> (pp.320-351). Escuela Universitaria Cardenal Cisneros.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mayo Clinic. (8 de enero de 2022). <em>Espina b\u00edfida<\/em>. Mayo Clinic. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/es\/diseases-conditions\/spina-bifida\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20377865<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La espina b\u00edfida se trata de un defecto cong\u00e9nito en el tubo neural provocado por un cierre incompleto de la columna vertebral (Federaci\u00f3n de Ense\u00f1anza &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[17,53,18,21],"class_list":["post-257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informacion","tag-discapacidad","tag-espinabifida","tag-necesidadeseducativasespeciales","tag-nee"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ESPINA B\u00cdFIDA (21\/11) - EL RINC\u00d3N DE AMPNEE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ampnee.org\/blog\/espina-bifida-21-11\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ESPINA B\u00cdFIDA (21\/11) - 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